Consumers do not easily trust brands’ claims of naturalness, making it essential to understand the drivers of loyalty and the underlying brand love for such products. Responding to this need, the present study developed a conceptual model based on the Behavioral Reasoning Theory (BRT) to examine the antecedents of brand love. The model was tested using data collected through a cross-sectional survey. The findings suggest that health consciousness is positively associated with reasons for consuming natural products and attitude, which, in turn, are also positively associated with each other. At the same time, reasons for consuming natural products and attitude are positively associated with brand love toward natural products. Whereas, reasons against consuming natural products are negatively associated with attitude and have no association with either health consciousness or brand love. Furthermore, of the two proposed moderators (environmental concern and household size, only environmental concern had a moderation effect on the association of brand love with its antecedents. This study thus provides useful, practical, and managerial implications. 相似文献
Use is made of rigorous definitions for the terms normal, natural, and harmonic to reveal a number of unfamiliar aspects about them. The Gaussian distribution is not sufficient to determine who is normal, and fluctuations above or below a natural-growth curve may or may not be natural. A recipe for harmonically sustained natural growth requires that the overlap during the substitution process must be limited. As a consequence the overall growth process must experience good as well as bad “seasons”. 相似文献
Whether natural resources are good or bad for a country's development are shown to depend on the interaction between institutional setting and, crucially, the types of resources possessed by the country. Some natural resources are, for economical and technical reasons, more likely to cause problems such as rent‐seeking and conflicts than others. This potential problem can, however, be countered by good institutional quality. In contrast to the traditional resource curse hypothesis, we show the impact of natural resources on economic growth to be non‐monotonic in institutional quality, and increasingly so for certain types of resources. In particular, countries rich in minerals are cursed only if they have low‐quality institutions, while the curse is reversed if institutions are sufficiently good. Furthermore, if countries are rich in diamonds and precious metals, these effects—both positive and negative—are larger. 相似文献
On January 2005, the World Conference on Disaster Reduction adopted the “Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2025: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters” [UN-ISDR (United Nations, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction), Disaster Risk and Sustainable Development: understanding the links between development, environment and natural hazards leading to disasters, World Summit on Sustainable Development, August–September 2002, Johannesburg, 2002]. This “white paper” seeks to promote “an effective integration of disaster risk considerations into sustainable development policies, planning and programming at all levels” [UN-ISDR (United Nations, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction), Disaster Risk and Sustainable Development: understanding the links between development, environment and natural hazards leading to disasters, World Summit on Sustainable Development, August–September 2002, Johannesburg, 2002. p. 1] outlining a strategic and systematic approach to reduce vulnerabilities and risks to hazards.
The current paper discusses each aspect of the Hyogo approach in relation to the Italian experience. Italy represents an interesting case because of its multiple hazard environment, and the fact that it has developed an integrated approach to risk reduction planning. Strengths and weaknesses of the “Italian way” of dealing with risk are identified, and compared with the theoretical processes suggested by the framework. Implementation of selected key actions in Italy has helped identify a series of obstacles to progress, further defining the gap that still exists between theoretical framework and actual practise.
The various activities constituting “risk management” (viz., assessment, prevention, mitigation, monitoring, early warning, preparedness) are here considered in a comprehensive framework wherein each phase is connected to the others. The paper focuses on natural hazards, which are more frequent in Italy (landslides, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, natural soil erosion). The main results include:
• A new process for dealing with risk, using the framework for guidance, is identified. We track the reasons for Italy gradually adopting this process in dealing with her vulnerabilities to natural hazards.
• Those factors that appear to interfere with an integrated approach to risk management are identified as a function of selected experiences.
• Guidelines for analysing vulnerabilities to disaster in a multi-hazard, integrated context are proposed.
Keywords: Natural hazards; Risk management; Vulnerability; Land use 相似文献
The gas industry was first privatisedin 1986, and the regulator, Ofgas, identified thecontract gas market as a possibility for introducinginitial competition into the industry. Nevertheless,competing shippers were slow in entering the market.Subsequently, Ofgas introduced a series ofpro-competitive policies. It, however, invoked aseries of strategic behaviour by the incumbentshipper, British Gas. The effectiveness of thesemeasures are analysed here with respect to theevolving competitive process. The issues it raised,especially when formulating future regulatory policiesand theories, are also considered. 相似文献
The concept of green infrastructure is widely used in environmental planning, but so far it has no standard definition. Planners, conservationists and scientists tend to welcome the term because it can serve as a boundary object, providing links among policy makers, developers and different academic disciplines. However, the concept of green infrastructure creates risks for biodiversity conservation in its adoption. It can be used to water down biodiversity conservation aims and objectives as easily as it can be used to further them because of the different ideas associated with it and the multiple interests pursued. In this paper, we address such risks by looking, among others, at the European Union’s Green Infrastructure Strategy and we suggest how planners and conservationists might deal with its growing importance in environmental policy and planning to enhance its value for biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
SUMMARY Emotional correlates of affective reactions towards a natural disaster and their influence on future travel intention to seaside destinations were explored using the PAD (Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance) Emotion Model. The results from a structural equation modeling process support the proposition that a natural disaster influences significantly the affective responses to the emotional states of pleasure, arousal and dominance. The PAD affect changes in return impact to varying degrees the intentions of a traveler to visit a seaside destination. The pleasure domain is found to exert the strongest impact on intention. Practical implications for tourism recovery are elaborated. 相似文献